In digital photography and computer graphics, a grayscale image is one in which the value of each pixel is a single sample representing only an amount of light. These images carry no chromatic content; that is, they contain only intensity information. This sort of image is often referred to as black-and-white or monochrome, but strictly speaking, grayscale contains a continuous range of shades from black (weakest intensity) to white (strongest intensity).
When you convert image to grayscale, you are essentially stripping away the color data (Red, Green, Blue channels) and replacing it with a calculated "Luminance" value. This allows viewers to focus purely on the texture, shape, and contrast of the subject without the distraction of color.